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| LABIAL | DENTAL | ALVEOLAR | RETROFLEX | VELAR | |
| Air stream from the lungs is: |  lip sounds |
 tongue against the tip of the teeth |
 tongue tip to gum ridge |
 tongue tip back |
 back of tongue to velum |
| Stopped by lips or tongue * |
b- -p |
dj- -tj |
d- -t |
-rd- -rt** |
k |
| By-passed through the nose | m | ny | n | -rn- ** | ng |
| Escapes over the sides of the tongue | -ly-** | l | -rl- ** | ||
| Passes over the centre of the tongue | -rr-** | r | |||
| Passes freely through the mouth | w | y | |||
| vowels | i as in bit |
e as in bet |
a as in bath |
o as in bottle |
oo as in boot |
| * the two letters in each square stand for the same sound. The spelling is different
when it used at the beginning (b-) or middle (-rd-) of the word or at the end of a word (-p) (-rt)
** These sounds only occur in the middle or ends of words | |||||